Objective: To test the characteristics of byaluronic acid (HA) derivative cross-linked by polyethylene glycol films of low water content. Methods: The cross-linked HA film with 200 μm thickness was got at atmospheric pressure at 25℃ for 5 d. After dried, cross-linked films of 10 mm×10 mm were weighed and immersed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS pH 7.45) at 37℃ for 24 h. Then the solution fraction and water content were estimated. Meanwhile, cross-linked HA derivative films were immersed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS: pH 7.45) at 37℃ for determined time and then implanted subcutaneously in the back of white rats to test in vitro or in vivo degradation characteristic. Results and Conclusion: HA hydrogel cross-linked by polyethylene glycol with water content is as low as 60% and this kind of HA derivative has a slow degradation rate....
Hyaluronic acid (HA) was chemically modified by polyethylene glycol. Meanwhile,the dynamic mechanics properties of HA derivative and its viscoelastic changes were measured on 3ARES3 Rheometer (Japan) at 25 ℃. Dried cross-linked films of 10×10 mm2 were immersed in phosphate buffered saline(PBS: pH 7.4) at 37 ℃ with different time periods to measure its water content and in vitro degradation. Moreover, cell cultured solutions, which were in the different cultivation vesse with 1 mg/mL Solution of HA derivative as doing experimental sample for 2 d, 4 d and 7 d, were observed, respectively, by an inverted discrepancy microscope. The cell relative growth rate was analyzed with the SPSS10.0 mathematic statistic software. Based on the above experiments,structure-modified HA derivative can meet the requirements of biomaterials in view of rheological and degradation in vitro and cytotoxicity charactereistics from clinical medical aspect under this experiment conditions....
Black water aggregation (BWA) in Taihu Lake is a disaster for the lake environment.It is a phenomenon resulting from water environmental deterioration and eutrophication caused by accumulation of pollutants in the lake,according to research on the water quality,pollutants of BWA,and occurrence mechanisms of BWA.Dead algae are the material base of BWA,the polluted sediment is an important factor for the formation of BWA,and hydrological and meteorological conditions such as sun light,air temperature,wind speed,and water flow are the other factors that may lead to the formation of BWA.Thioether substances such as dimethyl trisulfide are the representative pollutants of BWA.Parameters such as chlorophyll-a,DO,pH,and water temperature are sensitive indicators of BWA.Measures such as algae collection,ecological dredging,pollution control,and water diversion from the Yangtze River to the lake,are effective,and strengthening aeration is an emergency measure to control BWA....
A laboratory experiment on the instability of alongshore currents was conducted on a plane beach with slope 1:40. Low-frequency fluctuations of alongshore currents with the period of approximately 100 s were observed. The dominant frequency and amplitudes of the oscillations of alongshore currents were determined using the maximum entropy method and the regression method of trigonometric function. The variations across the beach cross-section of the oscillation amplitudes of the alongshore current were given. The linear shear instability theory was used to analyze the mechanism of the oscillation, and the calculated results agreed with measurements. This confirms that the observed fluctuation of alongshore currents is due to the shear instability of alongshore currents....
To study the transport process of isopropanol aqueous solution by pervaporation, the transport model of isopropanol and that of water at 323 K in polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) membrane were obtained in this paper. Theoretical predictions agreed well with the experimental results. The interactional parameter between water and PVA membrane is less than that between isopropanol and PVA membrane, which shows that water is preferentially dissolved in PVA membrane. The plasticizing coefficient and diffusion coefficient at infinite dilution of water are larger than those of isopropanol,which shows that the dissolution and permeation in PVA membrane of water are greater than those of isopropanol. Both the interactional parameter between water and isopropanol in the membrane and that in feed rise with the increase of isopropanol content in feed, which shows that the larger isopropanol content is, the higher selectivity of the membrane is and the more remarkable separation effect of pervaporation is....
In the rill erosion process,run-on water and sediment from upslope areas,and rill flow hydraulic parameters have significant effects on sediment detachment and transport.However,there is a lack of data to quantify the effects of run-on water and sediment and rill flow hydraulic parameters on rill erosion process at steep hillslopes,especially in the Loess Plateau of China.A dual-box system,consisting of a 2-m-long feeder box and a 5-m-long test box with 26.8% slope gradient was used to quantify the effects of upslope runoff and sediment,and of rill flow hydraulic parameters on the rill erosion process.The results showed that detachment-transport was dominated in rill erosion processes; upslope runoff always caused the net rill detachment at the downslope rill flow channel,and the net rill detachment caused by upslope runoff increased with a decrease of runoff sediment concentration from the feeder box or an increase of rainfall intensity.Upslope runoff discharging into the rill flow channel or an increase of rainfall intensity caused the rill flow to shift from a stratum flow into a turbulent flow.Upslope runoff had an important effect on rill flow hydraulic parameters,such as rill flow velocity,hydraulic radius,Reynolds number,Froude number and the Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient.The net rill detachment caused by upslope runoff increased as the relative increments of rill flow velocity,Reynolds number and Froude number caused by upslope runoff increased.In contrast,the net rill detachment decreased with an increase of the relative decrement of the Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient caused by upslope runoff.These findings will help to improve the understanding of the effects of run-on water and sediment on the erosion process and to find control strategies to minimize the impact of run-on water....
In this paper, it presents the results of calculation of solidification process of copper continuous cast bar by cross section size 120 mm×70 mm with application of ProCast 2010 software. The estimation of mould design effect on solidification process of continuos copper cast bar is completed at various speeds of casting. Profiles of liquid metal cavities and temperature allocations in the cast bar at various casting speeds are defined. The analysis of received liquid metal cavity profiles shows that a new mold construction allows significantly decrease of the length of the liquid metal cavity during continuous copper casting at HAZELETT? casting machine and the increase of maximum casting speed from 10 to 11 m/min. Adequacy of the results of copper continuous cast bar solidification process calculation is confirmed by the experimental data....
